2024 Biennial Energy Storage Review

What are electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies?

Owing to the intermittent and fluctuating power output of these energy sources, electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies, such as rechargeable batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electrolyzers, and fuel cells, are playing key roles toward efficient and sustainable energy utilization (1, 2).

Are electrochemical hydrogen storage materials efficient?

Electrochemical hydrogen storage technology has a promising application due to its mild hydrogen storage conditions. However, research on the most efficient electrochemical hydrogen storage materials that satisfy the goals of the U.S. Department of Energy remain open questions.

Can electrical energy be stored electrochemically?

Electrical energy can be stored electrochemically in batteries and capacitors. Batteries are mature energy storage devices with high energy densities and high voltages.

Can 2D materials be used for electrochemical energy storage?

Two-dimensional (2 D) materials are possible candidates, owing to their unique geometry and physicochemical properties. This Review summarizes the latest advances in the development of 2 D materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Can electrochemical energy storage be used in supercapacitors & alkali metal-ion batteries?

This Review concerns the design and preparation of such materials, as well as their application in supercapacitors, alkali metal-ion batteries, and metal–air batteries. Electrochemical energy storage is a promising route to relieve the increasing energy and environment crises, owing to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly nature.

Are rechargeable batteries the future of energy storage?

Rechargeable batteries are promising electrochemical energy storage devices, and the development of key component materials is important for their wide application, from portable electronics to electric vehicles and even large-scale energy storage systems.