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How can a theoretic analysis help a solar collector array design?
All indicators can be calculated in a theoretic analysis at the design time of a plant and therefore allow for a more sophisticated and more economic collector array design. Uneven flow distribution in solar collector arrays results in uneven temperature distribution. Absorber pipes with the smallest mass flows reach the highest temperatures.
What happens if a solar collector has an uneven flow distribution?
Uneven flow distribution in solar collector arrays results in uneven temperature distribution. Absorber pipes with the smallest mass flows reach the highest temperatures. In extreme cases, the local boiling temperature of the heat transfer fluid is exceeded and partial stagnation occurs, an effect that must be avoided.
How does a solar collector system work?
In the case of standstill, e.g. stagnation, the collector array is drained via the return pipe and the liquid is collected in the drain back tank. It is not necessary to install a non-return valve in the primary solar loop. The system is refilled using the solar pump.
Why do solar collectors need header pipes?
This is especially important in case the collector array pipework is laid underground: In this case, the piping network length. Depending on the chosen collector array design, increasing the header pipes in the inside of solar collectors presents a way to obtain more homogeneous flow distribution and decrease pressure losses.
What is the operating temperature of a heat collector?
The operating temperatures for these collectors range from 120 °C to 250 °C. Figure 2 shows the collector types used in 149 large-scale plants for process heat (gross collector area of more than 500 m2) and district heating (gross collector area of more than 1,000 m2). The projects are mainly located in Europe or include European project partners.
How much solar energy can be disposed of?
Theoretical research conducted on the calculation program SOLAR revealed that even under unfavourable conditions (assuming a clouded sky during the night, humid weather conditions and no wind) at least 15 % to 20 % of the heat generated by the solar thermal plant during the day can be disposed of. This value can