Laser-induced thermal runaway dynamics of cylindrical lithium-ion battery
Laser is a precise, remote, and non-invasive heating method that can initiate thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries in safety tests. This study systemically explores the thermal runaway of cylindrical cells induced by constant laser irradiation up to 20 W and 1.6 MW m −2 within a 4-mm diameter spot. Results indicate that thermal runaway intensity is relatively