A simplified equivalent circuit model for simulation of Pb–acid
Lead–acid, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion are three types of battery chemistries for potential EV and HEV applications , .Lead–acid batteries have been widely used as secondary battery for more than a 100 years.The advantages of the lead–acid system are its high-rate discharge capability, good specific energy, high reliability, robustness, low-cost in