China: legacy collieries versus renewable energy
Thirdly, China''s discarded collieries since 1949 create as much as 1.56 × 10 10 m 3 of valuable underground space (Xie et al. 2020).After renovation, these legacies are optimal for earth-contact heat and energy storage, including but not limited to mine water pseudokarstic aquifer inter-seasonal heat storage, pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) and