Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short) are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are members of the class of vacuum tubes, more specifically vacuum phototubes. These detectors multiply the current. Photomultipliers are typically constructed with an evacuated glass housing (using an extremely tight and durable like other ), containing a, several, and an. The invention of the photomultiplier is predicated upon two prior achievements, the separate discoveries of the and of. Photoelectric effectThe first demonstration. Photomultipliers were the first devices, being used to measure interruptions in beams of light. Photomultipliers are used in conjunction with to detect by means of hand held and fixed radiation protection instruments, and • Wright, A.G., • Engstrom, Ralph W.,,. Photomultiplier tubes typically utilize 1000 to 2000 to accelerate electrons within the chain of dynodes. (See Figure near top of article.) The most negative voltage is connected to the cathode, and the most positive voltage is connected to the anode. Negative high-voltage. • • • • • – Java-based simulation and tutorial on photomultiplier tubes• (4MB PDF) from Burle Industries, essentially the Engstrom-RCA Handbook reprinted• from ET-Enterprises A phototube or photoelectric cell is a type of or that is sensitive to light. Such a tube is more correctly called a 'photoemissive cell' to distinguish it from or cells. Phototubes were previously more widely used but are now replaced in many applications by solid state photodetectors. The is one of the most sensitive ligh.
