This paper proposes an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted energy efficiency optimization algorithm to address the problem of energy efficiency (EE) degradation in high-speed rail communication systems caused by line-of-sight link blockages between base stations and trains.
This article provides a detailed examination of off-grid power solutions for these critical installations. You will gain a clear understanding of the technologies, design considerations, and practical applications that ensure uninterrupted connectivity in even the most isolated.